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TAP Interface UP but bird shows it down
by Jigar Mehta 22 Apr '15

22 Apr '15

Newbie trying to play around with bird. I have a setup with tap interfaces and when I do a ifconfig , the interfaces are up and running. However from BIRD's documentation : The interface module keeps a `soft-up' state for each *iface* which is a conjunction of link being up, the interface being of a `sane' type and at least one IP address assigned to it. There is no - ip adress assigned and I have a custom forwarding plane that uses the interfaces and some smarts to tie them up into interface group and etc. Is there a work around to treat these interfaces as "UP" using the config (I mean it should just look for link up and admin up flags ? ) and have ospf protocol use them to import/export routes. I am avoiding attaching dummy addresses. Tried reading documentation and some older threads but could not find relevant info. -- Jigar Mehta

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OSPF stability
by Tom Harbert 21 Apr '15

21 Apr '15

Hi, I have two Ubuntu 14.04 physical machines running BIRD 1.4.5. I am noticing the OSPF neighbor relationship is dieing. it appears that keepalives are not being received and the dead timer expires. They are directly connected to each other using LACP. There is no issue with the physical connection and layer 3 connectivity remains up over the interconnect when the problem occurs. The problem is that OSPF is advertising the loopback addresses used by iBGP which drop when the OSPF fails. 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Inactivity timer fired on interface bond0 for neighbor x.x.x.x. 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " full" to " down". 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling router-LSA origination for area 0.0.0.0 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling network-LSA origination for iface bond0 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Deleting neigbor. 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: New neighbor found: x.x.x.x on bond0 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " down" to " init". 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " init" to " 2way". 2015-04-20 09:44:17 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " 2way" to " exstart". 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Originating router-LSA for area 0.0.0.0 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling routing table calculation 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Starting routing table calculation 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Starting routing table calculation for area 0.0.0.0 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Starting routing table calculation for inter-area (area 0.0.0.0) 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Starting routing table calculation for ext routes 2015-04-20 09:44:19 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Starting routing table synchronisation 2015-04-20 09:44:24 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " exstart" to "exchange". 2015-04-20 09:44:26 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from "exchange" to " loading". 2015-04-20 09:44:27 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Neighbor x.x.x.x changes state from " loading" to " full". 2015-04-20 09:44:27 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling router-LSA origination for area 0.0.0.0 2015-04-20 09:44:27 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling network-LSA origination for iface bond0 2015-04-20 09:44:27 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Scheduling routing table calculation Configuration: # OSPF process 1 protocol ospf OSPF_1 { description "OSPF area 0"; area 0 { interface "bond0" { # To x-x-x-01 hello 1; dead count 4; type ptp; cost 1; }; stubnet x.x.x.x/29 { # bond2.51 cost 0; }; stubnet x.x.x.x/32 { # lo:1 cost 0; }; stubnet x.x.x.x/31 { # bond1.31 cost 0; }; stubnet x.x.x.x/31 { # bond1.33 cost 0; }; }; #import filter import_OSPF; #export filter export_OSPF; } Am I doing anything out of the ordinary here? Has anyone else had problems with OSPF dropping, this happens 5-10 times a day. I see no issues with the CPU utilisation on either of these hosts. I have used workarounds such as temporary static routes and also found that adjusting the dead count from 4 to 8 has kept it stable for ~2 days. 2015-04-20 10:26:53 <TRACE> OSPF_1: Changing dead interval on interface bond0 from 4 to 8 Thanks, Tom.

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Information about Preferred route
by Alexandre Corso 20 Apr '15

20 Apr '15

Hello, I was looking into BIRD 1.4.5. I have one BGP session established but I don’t understand all the argument, especially about preferred route? Here my show protocol : birdc "show protocol all R12345_1” L1 name proto table state since info L2 R12345_1 BGP T12345_my_bgp up 2015-04-01 16:27:57 Established L3 Preference: 100 L4 Input filter: ACCEPT L5 Output filter: ACCEPT L6 Import limit: 20 L7 Action: disable L8 Routes: 1 imported, 21745 exported, 263 preferred L9 Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted 10 Import updates: 1 0 0 0 1 11 Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0 12 Export updates: 21758 1 0 --- 21757 13 Export withdraws: 7 --- --- --- 7 14 BGP state: Established 15 Neighbor address: 10.10.10.100 16 Neighbor AS: 12345 17 Neighbor ID: 192.168.0.1 18 Neighbor caps: refresh AS4 19 Session: external AS4 20 Source address: 10.10.10.250 21 Route limit: 1/20 22 Hold timer: 150/240 23 Keepalive timer: 9/23 Can you help me about the line L8 : My peer import 1 route I export 21745 routes I don’t know about preferred Thank you Alexandre Corso Network Engineer acorso(a)franceix.net

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Bird and aggregates
by Joel Brunenberg 17 Apr '15

17 Apr '15

Hi bird list, I am thinking about this for some time now, reading documentation and all but I did not find a solution until now, so I am turining to you: Does bird (1.4.5) support aggregate routes in any way? The Scenario is as follows. I have a VPN consisting of around 20-40 ptp-links, an OSPF area that spans these links and several larger subnets that are connected to the nodes that interconnect using the named ptp links. So far so good. I would not want to interfere with the Prefixes in the OSPF. I however have a BGP-session to another network and I am exporting most of my routes to that session. I'd like to replace all the /32 routes for ptp links with the /24 they are taken from while exporting routes for that BGP session. Since it is totally irrelevant for the peer, which parts of the /24 are available, I would just like to attract traffic to the networks I manage as long as there are any contributing routes. I had several ideas on how to do that, one being an export filter that replaces every /32 with the according /24, but that would lead to a lot of /24 routes and seems to be impossible with bird since the prefix attribute is immutable. Another idea was a static route for the containing /24 that would be exported via BGP while the /32 were filtered away. That however leaves the /24 route in place even if there are no more /32 routes left. If there is a way to change that, that would be great. If anyone has any idea how to accomplish this, it would be very much appreciated. Thanks in advance, Joel /jbn -- Joel Brunenberg - Troisdorf PGP: 0xAD25981C

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OSPF anycast prefix being filtered
by Patrik Lundin 11 Apr '15

11 Apr '15

Hello, I am trying to use BIRD for anycasting a /32 prefix via OSPF and I am not able to get the announcement to work. My idea is to have the server use the normal default gw for routing packets. Because of this I see no reason for importing routes from OSPF into the kernel routing table, I am only interested in exporting the anycast address that is configured on the loopback interface. I configure a /32 prefix on the loopback interface like so: === # ip address add yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/32 dev lo === My bird.conf looks like this: === router id xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; debug protocols all; protocol device {} protocol ospf { import none; # Default is import all export all; area 0.0.0.0 { interface "eth*" { authentication cryptographic; password "pass"; }; interface "lo" {}; }; } === It seems however that the address on lo (as well as eth0) is being "filtered out" by BIRD, as seen in debug mode: === # bird -d bird: device1: Initializing bird: ospf1: Initializing bird: device1: Starting bird: device1: Scanning interfaces bird: device1: Connected to table master bird: device1: State changed to feed bird: ospf1: Starting bird: ospf1: Adding area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: Connected to table master bird: ospf1: State changed to feed bird: Started bird: device1: State changed to up bird: ospf1 < interface lo goes up bird: ospf1 < primary address yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/32 on interface lo added bird: ospf1: Adding interface lo (yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/32) to area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1 < secondary address 127.0.0.0/8 on interface lo added bird: ospf1 < interface eth0 goes up bird: ospf1 < primary address zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz/30 on interface eth0 added bird: ospf1: Adding interface eth0 (zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz/30) to area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: State changed to up bird: ospf1: Changing state of iface eth0 from down to ptp bird: ospf1: Scheduling router-LSA origination for area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: HELLO packet sent via eth0 bird: ospf1: Changing state of iface lo from down to waiting bird: ospf1: Scheduling router-LSA origination for area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: Originating router-LSA for area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: Scheduling routing table calculation bird: ospf1: Starting routing table calculation bird: ospf1: Starting routing table calculation for area 0.0.0.0 bird: ospf1: Starting routing table calculation for inter-area (area 0.0.0.0) bird: ospf1: Starting routing table calculation for ext routes bird: ospf1: Starting routing table synchronisation bird: ospf1 > filtered out zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz/30 dev eth0 bird: ospf1 > filtered out yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/32 dev lo [...] === I guess I am missing something obvious, any pointers would be much appreciated! -- Patrik Lundin

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High CPU load
by Simone Morandini 09 Apr '15

09 Apr '15

Hello list, we are running BIRD on our IXP peering platform with no problems since quite a while now. We need to activate a new peer which is expected to announce a considerable amount of prefixes (~100k), and the first try resulted in having nearly 100% cpu load, ~60-70% for BIRD and the remaining for syslog. The machine was hardly manageable, so after a few minutes we had to disable the peer and restart the deamon. The current settings actually make BIRD log everything: log "/var/log/bird.log" all; log syslog all; so I guess we could start by modifying it: any advice on this? Would you suggest something more, in order to avoid having again a high cpu load? Thanks in advance, Simone.

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Best external route on iBGP
by Apollon Oikonomopoulos 09 Apr '15

09 Apr '15

Hi all, I've noticed that BIRD doesn't advertise the best external route to iBGP peers (as it "should" according to RFC 1771) if there is already an iBGP route for the same destination. I realize this is a point where most BGP implementations deviate from the standard, although many of them offer knobs to enable best external route propagation[1][2]. Still, this is a useful behaviour, especially in active-backup setups where backup paths are completely hidden from the rest of the AS. In essence, it looks as if BIRD can do this with sorted tables and the secondary BGP option, but unfortunately sorted tables are incompatible with iBGP's multihop operation due to the recursive gateway calculation strategy. Another option is of course add-paths, but then BIRD advertises all received paths, leading to a larger memory consumption than necessary. So, in case I'm missing something, is there another way to achieve best external route propagation over iBGP? Regards, Apollon [1] http://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos13.2/topics/example/policy-… [2] http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/…

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Using a custom forwarding plane
by Jigar Mehta 08 Apr '15

08 Apr '15

I am new to BIRD and routing engines in general. I needed to understand feasibility of using BIRD if the device has its own custom forwarding plane instead of letting Kernel do the forwarding. I have read through the coder's/user's documents but did not find answers to few questions : 1. What is the best possible way of getting routes and route updates from Bird. I am looking for something like FPM interface provided by Quagga. I also wanted to store these routes in a mysql database for the purpose of my product. 2. How does Device protocol deal with TUN/TAP interfaces. Does it treat like a regular iface or do i need any special handling for them.

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per interface route filtering
by olivier a 08 Apr '15

08 Apr '15

Is there a way to filter RIP announced routes on an interface basis ? I've had a look at the filtering part in the doc, but I'm still clueless about this ... Thanks for any help :-)

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Inject BGP routes with non directly-connected next-hop
by Jan Huňka 07 Apr '15

07 Apr '15

Hello, I'm currently trying to configure BIRD for BGP injection. Routes which are added on BIRD should be distributed to specified neighbor router (in this case Cisco) and added to it's routing table. I also need to specify next-hop IP address of these routes, because injected routes should divert the matching traffic through another way until BIRDS stops to distribute these routes. I was able to configure BIRD to inject these routes with specified next-hop using internal BGP. But I also need it to work with external BGP. The problem is that the next-hop IP of injected routes is a directly connected network of the Cisco router and not BIRD's. BIRD doesn't know anything about this network. So the question is, is it possible to inject routes from BIRD to Cisco router using external BGP with next-hop IP address, which is not directly connected to the BIRD router? I should add that the BGP injection using external BGP works too, but only If the next-hop IP is a directly connected network od the BIRD router. Thank you for any advice. Jan Huňka Configuration of BIRD: protocol device { scan time 10; } protocol static static_10 { route 5.100.100.0/24 reject; } # filters section (DO NOT REMOVE!) filter filter_10 { if ( proto = "static_10" ) then { bgp_community.add((25511,444)); bgp_next_hop=3.100.100.1; accept; } else { reject; } } protocol bgp bgp_10 { local as 25511; neighbor Y.Y.Y.Y as 25512; import all; export filter filter_10; } Configuration of the bgp process on the CISCO router: router bgp 25512 neighbor X.X.X.X remote-as 25511 ! address-family ipv4 neighbor X.X.X.X activate no auto-summary !

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